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As the Marxist professor of social work and social policy Iain Ferguson has argued, “it is the economic and political system under which we live-capitalism-which is responsible for the enormously high levels of mental-health problems which we see in the world today.” The alleviation of mental distress is only possible “in a society without exploitation and oppression.” 9 As the basis on which society’s superstructural formation is erected, capitalism is a major determinant of poor mental health. However, the social, political, and economic organization of society must be recognized as a significant contributor to people’s mental health, with certain social structures being more advantageous to the emergence of mental well-being than others. Diagnoses frequently begin and end with the individual, identifying bioessentialist causes at the expense of examining social factors. The intimate relationship between mental health and social conditions has largely been obscured, with societal causes interpreted within a bio-medical framework and shrouded with scientific terminology. What is abundantly clear is the existence of significant social patterns that elucidate the impossibility of reducing poor mental health to biological determinism. 7 While potentially offering illuminating insights into poor mental well-being in specific cases, biological interpretations are far from sufficient on their own. 6 Nonetheless, explanations based on genomics have also failed to generate conclusive evidence. 5 Moreover, reflecting the popularity of genetic reductionism within the biological sciences, there has been an effort to identify genetic abnormalities as another cause of mental-health disorders. Emblematic of this is the theory of chemical imbalances in the brain-focusing on the operation of neurotransmitters such as serotonin and dopamine-which has gripped popular and academic consciousness despite remaining largely unsupported.
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In capitalist society, biological explanations dominate understandings of mental health, infusing professional practice and public awareness. Additionally, the number of individuals whose experiences were severe enough to warrant intervention rose from 6.9 percent to 9.3 percent. The most recent National Health Service Adult Psychiatric Morbidity Survey illustrates that in 2014, 17.5 percent of the population over the age of sixteen suffered from varying forms of depression or anxiety, compared to 14.1 percent in 1993. 3 Moreover, in England alone, the predominance of poor mental health has gradually increased over the last two decades. 2 In the European Union, 27.0 percent of the adult population between the ages of eighteen and sixty-five are said to have experienced mental-health complications. 1 Within the monopoly-capitalist nations, mental-health disorders are the leading cause of life expectancy decline behind cardiovascular disease and cancer. Furthermore, twenty-three million are said to experience symptoms of schizophrenia, while approximately eight hundred thousand individuals commit suicide each year. Recent estimates by the World Health Organization suggest that more than three hundred million people suffer from depression worldwide. Chapter 20.Illustration by Andrzej Krauze ( The Guardian, October 12, 2016).ĭavid Matthews is a lecturer in sociology and social policy at Coleg Llandrillo, Wales, and the leader of its degree program in health and social care.Ī mental-health crisis is sweeping the globe.
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Applications of the Invariable-Money/Net-Consumption Analysis The Net-Consumption/Net-Investment Theory of Profit and Interest Aggregate Production, Aggregate Spending, and the Role of Saving in Spending
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Productionism, Say's Law, and Unemployment Part Three: The Process of Economic Progress.The Division of Labor and the Concept of Productive Activity The Influence of the Division of Labor on the Institutions of Capitalism The Dependence of the Division of Labor on Capitalism IV: Socialism, Economic Chaos, and Totalitarian Dictatorship The Dependence of the Division of Labor on Capitalism III: Price Controls and Economic Chaos The Dependence of the Division of Labor on Capitalism II: The Price System and Economic Coordination The Dependence of the Division of Labor on Capitalism I Part Two: The Division of Labor and Capitalism.